经肺泡灌洗液宏基因组测序诊断肺隐球菌病一例并文献复习

肺隐球菌病(pulmonary cryptococcosis,PC)是由于患者吸入了环境中新生隐球菌或格特隐球菌后导致肺部感染而形成,是一种在临床上呈现亚急性或慢性感染的机会性疾病。常见于免疫功能低下患者,如传统免疫功能低下患者有血液系统肿瘤、长期使用免疫抑制剂或糖皮质激患者、后天获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者等。但是,近年的流行病学调查发现部分没有免疫抑制的患者也可能罹患PC约有1/3的肺隐球菌病发生在非免疫缺陷的健康人群。而在临床诊疗中肺隐球菌病患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查均相对缺乏特异性,非常容易被误诊为肺癌、转移性肿瘤、肺结核等疾病。本文回顾性分析一例经肺泡灌洗液行宏基因组测序确诊PC患者的临床资料,以增强临床对PC的诊断和认知能力,并最终提高临床确诊率。     

Using arterial spin labeling blood flow and its histogram analysis to distinguish early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma from lymphoid hyperplasia

To investigate the feasibility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) blood flow (BF) and its histogram analysis to distinguish early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (NPLH).Sixty-three stage T1 NPC patients and benign NPLH patients underwent ASL on a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging system. BF histogram parameters were derived automatically, including the mean, median, maximum, minimum, kurtosis, skewness, and variance. Absolute values were obtained for skewness and kurtosis (absolute value of skewness [AVS] and absolute value of kurtosis [AVK], respectively). The Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve, and multiple logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.The mean, maximum, and variance of ASL BF values were significantly higher in early-stage NPC than in NPLH (all P < 0.0001), while the median and AVK values of early-stage NPC were also significantly higher than those of NPLH (all P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the minimum and AVS values in early-stage NPC compared with NPLH (P = 0.125 and P = 0.084, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) of the maximum was significantly higher than those of the mean and median (P < 0.05). The AUC of variance was significantly higher than those of the other parameters (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that variance was the only independent predictor of outcome (P < 0.05).ASL BF and its histogram analysis could distinguish early-stage NPC from NPLH, and the variance value was a unique independent predictor.     

应用磁共振波谱研究针刺合谷穴前额叶神经递质Glu与GABA相关性＊

目的 探讨手针针刺健康受试者右侧合谷穴，前额叶Glu⁺、Glx⁺及GABA⁺浓度变化差异及相关性，从兴奋和抑制性神经递质关系方面初步探讨针刺效应的脑机制。方法 录入健康志愿者76名，随机接受手针及纤毛针两种刺激，并采集刺激前和刺激时BOLD功能磁共振脑成像（fMRI）及磁共振波谱（MRS）数据，分析手针和纤毛针组刺激前与刺激时Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺浓度差异及相关性，以及Glu⁺、Glx⁺与GABA⁺浓度的相关性。结果 手针及纤毛针组间和组内各亚组（依据不同BOLD信号）针刺前与针刺时Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺浓度差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。但手针组整组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺，零、负激活亚组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺和零激活GABA⁺针刺前与针刺时浓度呈正相关（P均<0.05）。针刺前手针组整组、零、负激活亚组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺均与GABA⁺呈正相关q（P均<0.05）；纤毛针组整组、正、负激活亚组Glu⁺、Glx⁺均与GABA⁺及零激活Glu⁺与GABA⁺均呈正相关（P均<0.05）；针刺时手针组整组、负激活亚组Glu⁺与GABA⁺呈正相关，零激活亚组Glx⁺与GABA⁺呈正相关（P均<0.05）。结论 针刺前与针刺时Glu⁺、Glx⁺与GABA⁺多呈正相关，可作为针刺脑机制研究的神经递质观察指标。